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Catalogue entry

FWN 668
Mardi gras
1888
Alternate titles: Fasching; Fastnacht; Giovedi grasso; Le Mardi Gras; Mardi Gras; Mardi-gras; Pierrot and Harlequin (Mardi Gras); Pierrot en Harlekijn; Pierrot und Harlekin; Pierrot und Harlekin (Mardi gras); Vastenavond
Rewald (618): 1888; Venturi revised: 1888; Venturi (552): 1888; Rivière: 1888; Gowing: 1888
Oil on canvas
40 3/16 x 31 7/8 in. (102 x 81 cm)

Keywords

Provenance
Victor Chocquet, Paris;
Mme veuve Chocquet (née Marie Buisson) (1891);
Chocquet Collection, Galerie G. Petit, Paris, July 1–4, 1899, no. 1, ill.
Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris
Sergei Shchukin, Moscow (Nov. 18, 1904)
First Museum of Modern Western Painting, Moscow (1918);
State Museum of Modern Western Art, Moscow (1923);
Pushkin Museum, Moscow (1948)
Exhibition History
1900 Berlin
Bruno and Paul Cassirer, Berlin, III. Jahrgang der Kunst-Austellungen, Winter 1900/1901, November 2 - beginning of December 1900, no. 10, as Fasching, lent by Durand-Ruel, not for sale.
1903 Vienna
Secession, Vienna, Entwicklung des Impressionismus in Malerei u. Plastik: XVI. Ausstellung der Vereinigung bildender Künstler Österreichs, Secession, January–February 1903, no. 61, as Pierrot und Harlekin, lent by Durand-Ruel.
1904a Weimar
Grossherzoglichen Museum für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe, Weimar, Monet, Manet, Renoir, Cézanne, March 1904, Durand-Ruel (not for sale).
1904b Paris
Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, Salle Cézanne, October 15–November 15, 1904, no. 19, as Le Mardi Gras, lent by Durand-Ruel.
1926 Moscow
Museum of Modern Western Art, Moscow, Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, 1926, no. 13.
1936c Paris
Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, Cézanne, May 20–October 11, 1936, no. 72, pl. XIV, as Mardi gras, lent by Moscow.
1936d London
New Burlington Galleries, London, Exhibition of Masters of French 19th Century Painting, October 1–31, 1936, no. 90, pl. VII, as Mardi gras, lent by Moscow.
1955 Moscow
Pushkin Museum, Moscow, French Art from the Fifteenth to the Twentieth Century, 1955, p. 57.
1956a Leningrad
Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, Russian Federation, Paul Cézanne: 50 Years since His Death, 1956, no. 11, ill.
1956b Leningrad
Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, Russian Federation, French Art from the Twelfth to the Twentieth Century, 1956, p. 55.
1974 Leningrad
Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, Russian Federation, [Impressionist paintings on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the first exhibition in 1874], 1974, no. 52, ill. 1880-1890.
1974–75 Moscow
Pushkin Museum, Moscow, [Impressionist paintings on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the first exhibition in 1874], 1974–75, no. 47.
1987 Lugano
Villa Favorita, Lugano, Switzerland, Impressionisten und Post-Impressionisten aus sowjetischen Museen II, August 9–November 15, 1987, no. 17, ill., as Mardi Gras, c. 1888-90.
1998 St. Petersburg and traveling
State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Cézanne and the Russian Avant-Garde, August 9–September 24, 1998, no. 25, ill., (dated 1888–90). Traveled to: Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, October 15–November 18, 1998 (exhibition catalogue in Russian; text by Albert Kostenevich).
2004–05 Essen
Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany, Cézanne: Aufbruch in die Moderne, September 18, 2004–January 16, 2005, listed p. 232, ill. pp. 54 and 209, as Mardi gras.
2016–17 Paris
Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris, Icônes de l'art moderne, La collection Chtchoukine (Icons of Modern Art, The Shchukin Collection), October 22, 2016–March 5, 2017, pp. 377, 438, ill.
2017–18 Karlsruhe
Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe, Germany, Cézanne - Metamorphosen, October 28, 2017–February 11, 2018, no. 51, ill.
Published References
Lecomte 1899
Lecomte, Georges. "Paul Cézanne." Revue de l'Art 1 (December 9, 1899), p. 85, ill.
Meier-Graefe 1902
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Die Kunst. 7, Edouard Manet und sein Kreis, Richard Muther, ed. Berlin: Julius Bard Verlag, 1902, ill. between pp. 30 and 31, as Mardi gras.
Hevesi 1903a
Hevesi, Ludwig. "Wiener Brief: Der Impressionismus in der Secession." Kunstchronik: Wochenschrift für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe Neue Folge XIV, no. 15 (February 6, 1937), col. 236, as Pierrot und Harlekin.
Heilbut 1903b
Heilbut, Emil. "Die Impressionistenausstellung der Wiener Secession." Kunst und Künstler 1 (1902-03), ill. p. 191, as Fastnacht.
Duret 1906
Duret, Théodore. Histoire des peintres impressionnistes: Pissarro, Claude Monet, Sisley, Renoir, Berthe Morisot, Cézanne, Guillaumin. Paris: H. Floury, 1906, ill. p. 181.
Meier-Graefe 1907
Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Paul Cézanne." In Impressionisten: Guys, Manet, van Gogh, Pissarro, Cézanne. Munich and Leipzig: R. Piper & Co., 1907, ill. p. 193, as Mardi gras.
Pica 1908
Pica, Vittorio. Gl'Impressionisti Francesi. Bergamo: Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, 1908, p. 198, ill., as Giovedi grasso.
Meier-Graefe 1910
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper & Co., 1910, ill. p. 25.
Dreyfus 1913
Dreyfus, Albert. "Paul Cézanne." Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst 24, no. 9 (June 1913), p. 204, ill.
Meier-Graefe 1913
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper & Co., 1913, ill. p. 25.
New York Times 1913
"A Private Collection in Germany That Contains Fourteen Examples of the Art of Paul Cezanne, a Great Modern, Who Already Is Placed with the Old Masters, in Darmstadt." New York Times, July 6, 1913, ill. p. 15, as Mardi Gras, ca. 1885, Staboukine [sic] collection.
Tugendhold 1914
Tugendhold, Yakov. "Collection Shchukin." Apollon, no. 1-2 (January-February 1914), pp. 36–37, ill.
Vollard 1914
Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Vollard, 1914, pls. 17 and 44, as Le Mardi Gras.
Meier-Graefe 1918a
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 127 Tonätzungen und fünfzehn Heliogravüren. Munich: R. Piper, 1918, ill. p. 175.
Fahraeus 1919
Fahraeus, Klas. "Paul Cézanne." Ord och Bild 4 (1919), p. 41, ill., as Mardi-gras, dated 1888.
Glaser 1922
Glaser, Curt. Paul Cézanne. Leipzig: E.A. Seemann, 1922, pl. 13, as Mardi gras, c. 1888.
Meier-Graefe 1922
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 211.
Klingsor 1923
Klingsor, Tristan L. Cézanne. Paris: Rieder, 1923, pl. 19, as Mardi gras.
Meier-Graefe 1923
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper, 1923, ill. p. 81.
Rivière 1923
Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1923, p. 217, listed.
Arishima 1925
Arishima, Ikuma. Sezannu [Cézanne]. Tokyo: Ars, 1925, pl. 25.
Ternovietz 1925
Ternovietz, Boris Nikolaevich. "Le Musée d'Art moderne de Moscou (Anciennes collections Stchoukine et Morosoff)." L'Amour de l'art 6, no. 12 (December 1925), p. 470, ill. p. 469, as Mardi gras, 1888.
Ettinger 1926
Ettinger, Paul. "Die modernen Franzosen in den Kunstsammlungen Moskaus." Der Cicerone 18, no. 4 (1926), p. 111, ill. p. 113.
Museum of Modern Western Art 1928
Catalogue du Musée d'art occidental moderne. Moscow: Museum of Modern Western Art, 1928, no. 549.
Bertram 1929
Bertram, Anthony. Cézanne. London: Studio, 1929, pl. 9.
Réau 1929
Réau, Louis. "III: Musée d'art occidental moderne à Moscou." In Catalogue de l'art français dans les musées russes. Paris: A. Colin, 1929, no. 731.
Becker 1932
Becker, John. "The Museum of Modern Western Painting in Moscow—Part I." Creative Art 10 (March 1932), p. 190, ill.
Olmenhove 1935
Olmenhove, van den. "Kunst: Paul Cézanne." Verf en kunst: maandblad van P. A. Regnault's verf-, inkt- en blikfabrieken (Surabaya) 4, no.10, no.11, no.12 (1935), ill. p. 8 (no.10), as Vastenavond, 1888.
Iavorskaia 1935a
Iavorskaia, Nina. Cézanne. Moscow: Ogiz-Izogiz, 1935, pl. 27.
Besson 1936
Besson, George (introduction). "Paul Cézanne: 1839–1906." Estampes. Paris: Braun & Cie, August 1936 (no. 4), fig. 4 p. 3.
Tolnay 1936
Tolnay, Charles de. "Cézanne et la peinture en Europe." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 19, nos. 5-6 (May–June 1936), ill. p. 4, as Mardi-gras.
Huyghe 1936b
Huyghe, René. "Cézanne et son oeuvre." L'Amour de l'art 17, no. 5 (May 1936), fig. 57 p. 176, as Mardi-gras, c. 1888.
Venturi 1936b
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 552, ill. vol. II, as Mardi-gras.
Novotny 1937
Novotny, Fritz. Cézanne. Vienna: Phaidon, 1937, pl. 53.
Vollard 1937
Vollard, Ambroise. Souvenirs d'un marchand de tableaux. Paris: Albin Michel, 1937, pl. 2.
Rewald 1937a
Rewald, John. "A propos du catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre de Paul Cézanne et de la chronologie de cette œuvre." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 20, nos. 3-4 (March–April 1937), pp. 54 et 55, as Mardi-gras.
Zervos 1938
Zervos, Christian. Histoire de l'art contemporain. Paris: Éditions Cahiers d'art, 1938, p. 31, ill.
Barnes and de Mazia 1939
Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 106, ill. p. 239 (analysis pp. 353–54).
Duret 1939
Duret, Théodore. Histoire des peintres impressionnistes. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1939, p. 170.
Niehaus 1939
Niehaus, Kasper. "Paul Cézanne, redder der schilderkunst." De Telegraaf (Amsterdam), January 15, 1939, ill. p. 9, as Pierrot en Harlekijn.
Cogniat 1939a
Cogniat, Raymond. Cézanne. Paris: Pierre Tisné, 1939, pl. 70.
Loran 1943
Loran, Erle. Cézanne's Composition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943, pp. 57–58, pl. 9.
Novotny 1947
Novotny, Fritz. Cézanne. London: Phaidon Press, 1947, pl. 50, as Mardi-gras, 1888.
Dorival 1948
Dorival, Bernard. Cézanne. Paris: Pierre Tisné, 1948, pl. 123, listed p. 166.
Cahiers d'Art 1950
"L'Art moderne français dans…le Musée d'Art Moderne Occidentale." Cahiers d'Art (1950), no. 5, listed p. 338, as Mardi-gras, 1888.
Guerry 1950
Guerry, Liliane. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. Paris: Flammarion, 1950, pl. 43.
Beucken 1955
Beucken, Jean de. Un portrait de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, [1955], pp. 216-17, 226.
Badt 1956
Badt, Kurt. Die Kunst Cézannes. Munich: Prestel, 1956, pp. 94–95, 109, pl. 19.
Hess 1957
Hess, Walter. "Zum Bild des Menschen in der Kunst Cézanne." Die Kunst und das schöne Heim, no. 9 (June 1957), p. 339, ill.
Sterling 1957
Sterling, Charles. Musée de l'Ermitage: La Peinture française de Poussin à nos jours. Paris: Cercle d'art, 1957, pl. 89.
Balzer 1958
Balzer, Wolfgang. Der Französische Impressionismus: Die Hauptmeister in der Malerei. Dresden: Verlag der Kunst, 1958, no. 103, ill., as Pierrot und Harlekin (Mardi gras).
Erpel 1958
Erpel, Fritz. Paul Cézanne. Berlin: Henschelverlag, 1958, p. 31.
Sterling 1958
Sterling, Charles. Great French Painting in the Hermitage Museum, Leningrad. New York: Abrams, 1958, pl. 89.
Langui 1959
Langui, Émile. 50 Years of Modern Art. New York: Praeger, 1959, no. 52, p. 89, ill.
Descargues 1961
Descargues, Pierre. The Hermitage Museum, Leningrad. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1961, pp. 216–17, ill.
Beucken 1962
Beucken, Jean de. Cézanne. New York: Viking Press, 1962, p. 88, ill.
Chappuis 1962
Chappuis, Adrien. Les dessins de Paul Cézanne au cabinet des estampes du Musée des beaux-arts de Bâle. Olten and Lausanne: Urs Graf, 1962, vol. 1, p. 94, fig. 59.
Feist 1962
Feist, Peter Heinz. "Harmonie Parallel zur Natur, zur Malerei Paul Cezannes." Bildende Kunst 1 (1962), p. 19, ill.
Feist 1963
Feist, Peter Heinz. Paul Cézanne. Leipzig: E.A. Seemann, 1963, p. 30, pl. 44.
Guerry 1966
Guerry, Liliane. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. Paris: Albin-Michel, 1966, pl. 43.
Murphy 1968
Murphy, Richard W. The World of Cézanne, 1839–1906. New York: Time-Life Books, 1968, p. 108.
Rewald 1969
Rewald, John. "Chocquet et Cézanne." Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 74, periode 6 (July–August 1969), pp. 65, 80; p. 82, no. 1.
Reff 1971
Reff, Theodore. "Harlequins, Saltimbanques, Clowns, and Fools." Artforum 10, no. 2 (October 1971), p. 38, ill. p. 39.
Schapiro 1973
Schapiro, Meyer. Paul Cézanne. Translated by Louis-Marie Ollivier. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Françaises, 1973, p. 40, ill.
Sedova 1974
Sedova, Tat'jana Alekseevna. From Manet to Picasso. Moscow: Izdatelʹstvo Izobrazitelʹnoe Iskusstvo, 1974, no. 32, ill.
Elgar 1975
Elgar, Frank. Cézanne. New York: Praeger, 1975, fig. 69.
Adriani 1978a
Adriani, Götz. Paul Cézanne. Zeichnungen. Cologne: DuMont, 1978. Exhibition catalogue, p. 323, ill., as Mardi Gras.
Monneret 1978a
Monneret, Sophie. Cézanne, Zola . . . La fraternité du génie. Paris: Denoël, 1978, ill. p. 33.
Monneret 1978b
Monneret, Sophie. L'Impressionnisme et son époque: dictionnaire international illustré. Paris: Denoël, 1978, vol. 1, ill. p. 127.
Kuznetsova and Georgievskaia 1979
Kuznetsova, Irina Aleksandrovna, and Evgenia Georgievskaia. French Painting from the Pushkin Museum: 17th to 20th Century. Leningrad: Aurora, 1979, no. 182, ill.
Arrouye 1982a
Arrouye, Jean. La Provence de Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1982, p. 47.
Barskaya 1983a
Barskaya, Anna and Evgenia Georgievskaia. Paul Cézanne: Bilder aus Museen der Sowjetunion. Leningrad: Aurora Art Publishers, 1983, pp. 136-137, pl. 25-27.
Bessonova and Williams 1986
Bessonova, Marina, and William Williams. Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: The Hermitage, Leningrad, The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, and the National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York: Park Lane, 1986, p. 167, ill.
Gowing 1988b
Gowing, Lawrence. Paul Cézanne: The Basel Sketchbooks. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1988. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 21 p. 33, listed p. 146.
Distel 1989
Distel, Anne. Les Collectionneurs des impressionnistes: Amateurs et marchands. Paris: La Bibliothèque des arts, 1989, p. 135, ill.
Düchting 1989
Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 157, ill.
Rewald 1989
Rewald, John. Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, 1891–1921. Princeton: Princeton University Press; London: Thames & Hudson, 1989, pp. 34, 37, fig. 12.
Verdi 1992
Verdi, Richard. Cézanne. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1992, p. 135, fig. 113.
Arrouye 1995
Arrouye, Jean. Cézanne: Paris, Provence. Paris: Textuel, 1995, p. 42, ill.
Cachin and Rishel 1995
Cachin, Françoise, and Joseph Rishel. Cézanne. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1995. Exhibition catalogue, p. 63, ill.
Cahn 1995b
Cahn, Isabelle. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 1995, p. 86, ill.
Rewald 1996
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 618, ill. vol. 2 and p. 30, ill. col. vol. 1, as Mardi gras.
Reff 1997a
Reff, Theodore. Review of The Paintings of Paul Cézanne: A Catalogue Raisonné, by John Rewald, in collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. The Burlington Magazine 139, no. 1136 (November 1997), p. 801, questions Rewald's date because it seems based on recollections of artist's son.
Schmidt 1998
Schmidt, Katharina. "Cézannes letztes Stilleben." In Cézanne, Picasso, Braque: Der Beginn des kubistischen Stillebens. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 1998. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 12.
Lewis 2000
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, p. 248, fig. 153.
Feilchenfeldt, C. 2000a
Feilchenfeldt, Christina. "Portraits." In Cézanne: Finished, Unfinished. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, p. 152, fig. 2, as Mardi gras.
Lewis 2002
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. "The Path to Les Lauves: A History of Cézanne's Studios." In Atelier Cézanne, 1902–2002: Le centenaire. Aix-en-Provence: Société Paul Cézanne, 2002, fig. 22, ill. in color.
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2003
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. Cézanne and Provence: The Painter in His Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 52, 93, fig. 2.42, as Mardi gras.
Dittmann 2005
Dittmann, Lorenz. Die Kunst Cézannes: Farbe, Rythmus, Symbolik. Cologne: Böhlau, 2005, p. 158, ill. in b/w.
Feilchenfeldt 2005a
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte Cézannes in Deutschland." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 134, ill.
Feilchenfeldt 2005c
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Motive: Versuch einer neuen Ordnung." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 207, ill.
Machotka 2008
Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: The Eye and the Mind, 2 vols. Marseille: Editions Crès, 2008, vol. 1, fig. 254; vol. 2, p. 169, as Mardi gras.
Kostenevich 2009
Kostenevich, Albert. "Liubov Popova: From Cézanne to Utopia." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 327, ill., as Mardi Gras.
Echte and Feilchenfeldt 2011a
Echte, Bernhard and Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Sammlungen Paul Cézanne, Louis Corinth, […], 2. November bis Anfang Dezember 1900." Kunstsalon Bruno & Paul Cassirer: Die Ausstellungen 1898-1901. vol. 1, «Das Beste aus aller Welt zeigen». Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2011, p. 346, ill.
Lewis 2012
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. "Cézanne and the Louvre." In Cézanne and the Past: Tradition and Creativity. Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts, 2012. Exhibition catalogue, p. 109, fig. 64, as Mardi gras.
Distel 2015
Distel, Anne. "Victor Chocquet – 'le plus grand collectionneur français depuis les rois.'" In Victor Chocquet – Freund und Sammler der Impressionisten, Renoir, Cézanne, Monet, Manet. Bern and Munich: Bundesampt für Kultur and Hirmer Verlag, 2015. Exhibition catalogue, p. 63, pl. 39.
Kropmanns 2016
Kropmanns, Peter. "Paul Durand-Ruel und Victor Chocquet – zwei frühe Föderer der Impressionisten." Kunstchronik vol. 69, no. 1 (January 2016), p. 28, fig. 5.
Kitschen 2017
Kitschen, Friederike. "Das Papierne Museum: Julius Meier-Graefe und die Vergegenwärtigung Paul Cézannes in Bild und Wort." In Julius Meier-Graefe: Grenzgänger der Künste, Becker, Ingeborg and Stephanie Marchal (editors). Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2017, pp. 180-182, fig. 1 p. 181 (reproduction of ill. in Meier-Graefe 1902), as Mardi gras.
Elderfield 2021
Elderfield, John. "Dr. Barnes's Cézanne." In Cézanne in the Barnes Foundation. New York: Rizzoli Electa, 2021, fig. 8, as Pierrot and Harlequin (Mardi Gras).
Clark 2022
Clark, T.J. If These Apples Should Fall, Cézanne and the Present. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 2022, pl. 68.
Nagaï 2022a
Nagaï, Takanori. Truth in Panting: The Meaning of Cezanne's Practices for Modernizing Society. Tokyo: Sangesha Publishers Inc., 2022, pl. 38.

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Record last updated June 25, 2019. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Mardi gras, 1888 (FWN 668)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=600 (accessed on March 28, 2024).